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440 lines
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440 lines
15 KiB
.. _glossary: |
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Glossary |
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======== |
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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.. glossary:: |
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.htaccess |
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the default name of Apache's directory-level configuration file. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.htaccess> |
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ACL |
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Access Control List |
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Blowfish |
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a keyed, symmetric block cipher, designed in 1993 by `Bruce Schneier <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Schneier>`_. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish_(cipher)> |
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Browser |
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a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information typically located on a web page at a website on the World Wide Web. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser> |
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bzip2 |
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a free software/open-source data compression algorithm and program developed by Julian Seward. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bzip2> |
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CGI |
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Common Gateway Interface is an important World Wide Web technology that |
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enables a client web browser to request data from a program executed on |
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the web server. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface> |
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Changelog |
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a log or record of changes made to a project. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changelog> |
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Client |
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a computer system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)> |
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column |
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a set of data values of a particularly simple type, one for each row of the table. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_(database)> |
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Cookie |
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a packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then sent back by the browser each time it accesses that server. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie> |
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CSV |
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Comma-separated values |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values> |
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DB |
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look at :term:`Database` |
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Database |
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an organized collection of data. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database> |
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Engine |
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look at :term:`Storage Engines` |
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PHP extension |
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a PHP module that extends PHP with additional functionality. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_extension> |
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FAQ |
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Frequently Asked Questions is a list of commonly asked question and their |
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answers. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ> |
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Field |
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one part of divided data/columns. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)> |
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Foreign key |
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a column or group of columns in a database row that points to a key column |
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or group of columns forming a key of another database row in some |
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(usually different) table. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_key> |
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GD |
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Graphics Library by Thomas Boutell and others for dynamically manipulating images. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GD_Graphics_Library> |
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GD2 |
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look at :term:`GD` |
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GZip |
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GZip is short for GNU zip, a GNU free software file compression program. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gzip> |
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host |
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any machine connected to a computer network, a node that has a hostname. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network)> |
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hostname |
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the unique name by which a network-attached device is known on a network. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname> |
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HTTP |
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the primary method used to transfer or |
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convey information on the World Wide Web. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Transfer_Protocol> |
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HTTPS |
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a :term:`HTTP`-connection with additional security measures. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS> |
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IEC |
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International Electrotechnical Commission |
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IIS |
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Internet Information Services is a set of internet-based services for |
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servers using Microsoft Windows. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services> |
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Index |
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a feature that allows quick access to the rows in a table. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_index> |
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IP |
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"Internet Protocol" is a data-oriented protocol used by source and |
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destination hosts for communicating data across a packet-switched |
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internetwork. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol> |
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IP Address |
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a unique number that devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol standard. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Address> |
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IPv6 |
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IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the latest revision of the |
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Internet Protocol (:term:`IP`), designed to deal with the |
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long-anticipated problem of its predecessor IPv4 running out of addresses. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6> |
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ISAPI |
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Internet Server Application Programming Interface is the API of Internet Information Services (IIS). |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface> |
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ISP |
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An Internet service provider is a business or organization that offers users |
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access to the Internet and related services. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider> |
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ISO |
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International Standards Organization |
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.. seealso:: `ISO organization website <https://www.iso.org/about-us.html>`_ |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization> |
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JPEG |
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a most commonly used standard method of lossy compression for photographic images. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG> |
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JPG |
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look at :term:`JPEG` |
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Key |
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look at :term:`Index` |
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LATEX |
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a document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX> |
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Mac |
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Apple Macintosh is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Inc. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh> |
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macOS |
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the operating system which is included with all currently shipping Apple Macintosh computers in the consumer and professional markets. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS> |
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mbstring |
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The PHP `mbstring` functions provide support for languages represented by multi-byte character sets, most notably UTF-8. |
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If you have troubles installing this extension, please follow :ref:`faqmysql`, it provides useful hints. |
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.. seealso:: <https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mbstring.php> |
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Media type |
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A media type (formerly known as MIME type) is a two-part identifier |
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for file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type> |
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MIME |
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Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions is |
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an Internet Standard for the format of e-mail. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME> |
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module |
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modular extension for the Apache HTTP Server httpd. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server> |
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mod_proxy_fcgi |
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an Apache module implementing a Fast CGI interface; PHP can be run as a CGI module, FastCGI, or |
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directly as an Apache module. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_proxy> |
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MySQL |
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a multithreaded, multi-user, SQL (Structured Query Language) Database Management System (DBMS). |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL> |
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MySQLi |
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the improved MySQL client PHP extension. |
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.. seealso:: `PHP manual for MySQL Improved Extension <https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysqli.php>`_ |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLi> |
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mysql |
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the MySQL client PHP extension. |
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.. seealso:: <https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysql.php> |
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OpenDocument |
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an open standard for office documents. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument> |
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OS X |
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look at :term:`macOS`. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS> |
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PDF |
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Portable Document Format is a file format developed by Adobe Systems for |
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representing two-dimensional documents in a device-independent and |
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resolution-independent format. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF> |
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PEAR |
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the PHP Extension and Application Repository. |
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.. seealso:: `PEAR website <https://pear.php.net/>`_ |
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.. seealso:: `Wikipedia page for PEAR <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEAR>`_ |
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PCRE |
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Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions is the Perl-compatible regular |
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expression functions for PHP |
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.. seealso:: <https://www.php.net/pcre> |
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.. seealso:: `PHP manual for Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions <https://www.php.net/pcre>`_ |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Compatible_Regular_Expressions> |
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PHP |
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short for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor", is an open-source, reflective |
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programming language used mainly for developing server-side applications |
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and dynamic web content, and more recently, a broader range of software |
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applications. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP> |
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port |
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a connection through which data is sent and received. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)> |
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primary key |
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A primary key is an index over one or more fields in a table with |
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unique values for every single row in this table. Every table should have |
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a primary key for easier accessing/identifying data in this table. There |
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can only be one primary key per table and it is named always **PRIMARY**. |
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In fact, a primary key is just an :term:`unique key` with the name |
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**PRIMARY**. If no primary key is defined MySQL will use first *unique |
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key* as primary key if there is one. |
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You can create the primary key when creating the table (in phpMyAdmin |
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just check the primary key radio buttons for each field you wish to be |
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part of the primary key). |
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You can also add a primary key to an existing table with `ALTER` `TABLE` |
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or `CREATE` `INDEX` (in phpMyAdmin you can just click on 'add index' on |
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the table structure page below the listed fields). |
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RFC |
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Request for Comments (RFC) documents are a series of memoranda |
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encompassing new research, innovations, and methodologies applicable to |
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Internet technologies. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments> |
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RFC 1952 |
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GZIP file format specification version 4.3 |
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.. seealso:: :rfc:`1952` |
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Row (record, tuple) |
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represents a single, implicitly structured data item in a table. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_(database)> |
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Server |
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a computer system that provides services to other computing systems over a network. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)> |
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Storage Engines |
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MySQL can use several different formats for storing data on disk, these |
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are called storage engines or table types. phpMyAdmin allows a user to |
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change their storage engine for a particular table through the operations |
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tab. |
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Common table types are InnoDB and MyISAM, though many others exist and |
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may be desirable in some situations. |
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.. seealso:: `MySQL doc chapter about Alternative Storage Engines <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/storage-engines.html>`_ |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_engine> |
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socket |
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a form of inter-process communication. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket> |
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SSL |
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Secure Sockets Layer, (now superseded by TLS) is a cryptographic protocol |
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which provides secure communication on the Internet. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security> |
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Stored procedure |
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a subroutine available to applications accessing a relational database system |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedure> |
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SQL |
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Structured Query Language |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL> |
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table |
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a set of data elements (cells) that is organized, defined and stored as |
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horizontal rows and vertical columns where each item can be uniquely |
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identified by a label or key or by its position in relation to other |
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items. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(database)> |
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tar |
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a type of archive file format, from "Tape Archive". |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(computing)> |
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TCP |
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Transmission Control Protocol is one of the core protocols of the |
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Internet protocol suite. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite> |
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TCPDF |
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PHP library to generate PDF files. |
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.. seealso:: <https://tcpdf.org/> |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCPDF> |
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trigger |
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a procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_trigger> |
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unique key |
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A unique key is an index over one or more fields in a table which has a |
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unique value for each row. The first unique key will be treated as |
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:term:`primary key` if there is no *primary key* defined. |
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URL |
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Uniform Resource Locator is a sequence of characters, conforming to a |
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standardized format, that is used for referring to resources, such as |
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documents and images on the Internet, by their location. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL> |
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Web server |
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A computer (program) that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients and serving them web pages. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server> |
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XML |
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Extensible Markup Language is a W3C-recommended general-purpose markup |
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language for creating special-purpose markup languages, capable of |
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describing many different kinds of data. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML> |
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ZIP |
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a popular data compression and archival format. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_(file_format)> |
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Zlib |
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an open-source, cross-platform data compression library by `Jean-loup Gailly <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Loup_Gailly>`_ and `Mark Adler <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Adler>`_. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlib> |
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Content Security Policy |
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The HTTP `Content-Security-Policy` response header allows web site administrators |
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to control resources the user agent is allowed to load for a given page. |
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.. seealso:: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy> |
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.. seealso:: <https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP>
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